A new dengue strain, known as the DENV 2 strain or D2 strain, has emerged as a significant concern for health experts in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). This strain of the dengue virus is spreading rapidly and poses a greater threat than previous strains. Here’s what you need to know about the D2 strain and its implications.
The D2 Strain: The Most Dangerous Dengue Strain
The D2 strain of the dengue virus is considered the most dangerous among its variants. Dengue comprises four major strains: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. It’s crucial to understand that infection with one strain provides immunity against that specific strain only. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), although these serotypes are antigenically similar, they differ enough to offer cross-protection for only a few months after infection by one of them. Secondary infection with a different serotype can lead to severe forms of dengue, making the D2 strain a grave concern.
Dominance of the D2 Strain
Recent research conducted by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has revealed that dengue cases have been steadily increasing over the past 50 years, particularly in Southeast Asian countries. The D2 strain has become dominant in recent years, whereas D1 and D3 were the dominant strains until 2012. Additionally, D4, a less infectious strain, has been spreading rapidly. This information underscores the significance of the D2 strain’s emergence.
Symptoms Associated with the D2 Strain
Individuals infected with the D2 strain exhibit common symptoms, including:
- A sudden drop in platelet count
- Higher risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever
- High fever
- Headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Joint pain
- Vomiting and nausea
- Rashes
Additionally, symptoms such as restlessness, thirst, weakness, bleeding gums or nose, and feeling cold should prompt immediate medical attention.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue characterized by:
- High fever
- Hemorrhagic phenomena
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Circulatory disturbance and shock
It typically begins with symptoms like fever, anorexia, vomiting, headache, and muscle or joint pain.
Prevention and Control
Preventing D2 strain infection and dengue in general involves hygienic practices:
- Wearing full-sleeve clothing in areas with dengue cases
- Using mosquito nets while sleeping
- Applying high-quality mosquito repellents indoors
- Drinking plenty of fluids and using acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain if symptoms occur
- Avoiding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and aspirin
Early intervention is essential to mitigate the severity of dengue, especially in the presence of the D2 strain.